Electrical and Electronic: Difference between revisions
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'''Metric Prefixes for SI Units''' | '''Metric Prefixes for SI Units''' | ||
P ( | P (PETA-) = x 1,000,000,000,000,000 (or 10<sup>-15</sup>) | ||
T ( | T (TERA-) = x 1,000,000,000,000 (or 10<sup>-12</sup>) | ||
G (GIGA-) = x 1,000,000,000 (or 10<sup>-9</sup>) | G (GIGA-) = x 1,000,000,000 (or 10<sup>-9</sup>) | ||
| Line 126: | Line 126: | ||
|style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| ±20% | |style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| ±20% | ||
|- | |- | ||
|style="width: 8%; text-align:center;color: | |style="width: 8%; text-align:center;color: black;background: #CCCCCC;"| Gray | ||
|style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| 8 | |style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| 8 | ||
|style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| 100000000 (x100M) | |style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| 100000000 (x100M) | ||
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|style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| ±10% | |style="width: 8%; text-align:center;"| ±10% | ||
|} | |} | ||
Example: a component with Yellow, Violet, Orange and Silver bands could be a 47k resistor with 10% tolerance. | |||
===Capacitors=== | ===Capacitors=== | ||
Latest revision as of 16:11, 17 June 2025
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Electronics
Concepts
- Direct Current (DC) flows in one direction, either steadily or in pulses.
- Alternating Current (AC) flows in alternating directions across a circuit
- Current refers to the quantity of electrons passing a given point.
- Unit - Amperes
- Symbol - I
- Voltage - refers to the electrical pressure or force
- Unit - Volts
- Symbol - V
- Resistance - refers to a cause of restriction in the flow of a current
- Unit - Ohms
- Symbol - R (or Ω)
- Power - refers to the work performed by a current
- Unit - Watt
- Symbol - p
- Potential Difference - the difference in voltage between the two ends of a conductor through which a current flows. Also known as voltage drop.
Ohm's Law
a potential difference of 1 volt will force a current of 1 ampere through a resistance of 1 ohm, or: V = I x R or I = V / R or R = V / I
Ohm's law also is used to calculate power where P = I x V (or I^2 x R)
Abbreviations and Units
Metric Prefixes for SI Units
P (PETA-) = x 1,000,000,000,000,000 (or 10-15)
T (TERA-) = x 1,000,000,000,000 (or 10-12)
G (GIGA-) = x 1,000,000,000 (or 10-9)
M (MEG-) = x 1,000,000 (or 106
K (KILO-) = × 1,000 (or 103
h (HECTO-) = x 100 (or 102)
d (DECI-) = x 1.0 (or 10-1)
c (CENTI-) = x 0.01 (or 10-2)
m (MILLI-) = x 0.001 (or /1000 or 10-3)
µ (MICRO-) = x 0.000 001 (or /1000000 or 10-6) (also mc)
n (NANO-) = x 0.000 000 001 (or /1000000000 or 10-9)
p (PICO-) = x 0.000 000 000 001 (or /10000000000 or 10-12)
f (FEMTO-) = x 0.000 000 000 000 001 (or /10000000000000 or 10-15)
Discrete Components
Resistors
Rt = Total Resistance
Resistors in series
- Rt = R1 + R2 + R3 (etc)
Resistors in parallel (2 resistors)
- Rt = (R1xR2) / (R1+R2)
Resistors in parallel (3 or more resistors)
- Rt = 1 / ((1/R1) + (1/R2) + (1/RN))
Resistors used as a voltage divider
- Vout = Vin x (R2/(R1+R2))
Resistor Colour Codes
| Colour | Significant Digits (bands 1&2) | Multipliers (band 3) | Tolerence (band 4) |
| Black | 0 | 1 | - |
| Brown | 1 | 10 | ±1% |
| Red | 2 | 100 | - |
| Orange | 3 | 1000 (k) | - |
| Yellow | 4 | 10000 (x10k) | No |
| Green | 5 | 100000 (x100k) | colour |
| Blue | 6 | 1000000 (M) | band |
| Violet | 7 | 10000000 (x10M) | ±20% |
| Gray | 8 | 100000000 (x100M) | - |
| White | 9 | - | - |
| Gold | - | - | ±5% |
| Silver | - | - | ±10% |
Example: a component with Yellow, Violet, Orange and Silver bands could be a 47k resistor with 10% tolerance.
Capacitors
Inductors
Active Components
Semiconductors
Diodes
Transistors
ICs
Opto
Microcontrollers
Pages about small computers, programming and process control
Other components
Power
- Batteries
Electrical
Pages pertaining to house and automotive electrical systems