Information Tables and Reference

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Standards and Sizes

The standard tripod screw size for cameras and accessories is commonly known as the 1/4"-20 thread. This means that the screw has a diameter of 1/4 inch and a pitch of 20 threads per inch.

Conversions

Length (Distance)

  • Inches(in) x 25.4 = Millimeters x 0.0394 = Inches (in)
  • Feet (ft) x 0.305 = Meters (m) x 3.281 = Feet
  • Miles x 1.609 = Kilometers (km) x 0.621 = Miles
Base quantity 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 10 50 100
Miles in x km * 0.621371 1.242742 1.864113 2.485484 3.106855 3.728226 4.349597 6.21371 31.06855 62.1371
km in x Miles * 1.60934 3.21868 4.82802 6.43736 8.0467 9.65604 11.26538 16.0934 80.467 160.934
Yards in x Meters * 0.9144 1.8288 2.7432 3.6576 4.572 5.4864 6.4008 9.144 45.72 91.44
Meters in x Yards * 1.09361 2.18722 3.28083 4.37444 5.46805 6.56166 7.65527 10.9361 54.6805 109.361
Feet in x Meters * 3.28084 6.56168 9.84252 13.12336 16.4042 19.68504 22.96588 32.8084 164.042 328.084
Meters to Feet * 0.3048 0.6096 0.9144 1.2192 1.524 1.8288 2.1336 3.048 15.24 30.48
mm in x Inches * 25.4 50.8 76.2 101.6 127 152.4 177.8 254 1270 2540
Inches in x mm * 0.0393701 0.0787402 0.1181103 0.1574804 0.1968505 0.2362206 0.2755907 0.393701 1.968505 3.93701

Volume (Capacity)

  • Cubic Inches (CU in) x 16.387 = Cubic Centemeters (cc) x 0.061 = Cubic Inches (CU in)
  • Imperial Pints (imp Pt) x 0.568 = Litres (l) x 1.76 = Imperial Pints (imp Pt)
  • Imperial Quarts (Imp qt) x 1.137 = Litres (l) x 0.88 = Imperial Quarts (Imp qt)
  • Imperial Quarts (Imp qt) x 1.201 = US Quarts (US qt) x 0.833 = Imperial Quarts (Imp qt)
  • US Quarts (Imp qt) x 0.946 = Litres (l) x 1.057 = US Quarts (Imp qt)
  • Imperial Gallons (Imp gal) x 4.546 = Litres (l) x .22 = Imperial Gallons (Imp gal)
  • Imperial Gallons (Imp gal) x 1.201 = US Gallons (US Gal) x 0.833= Imperial Gallons (Imp gal)
  • US Gallons (US Gal) x 3.785 = Litres (l) x 0.264 = US Gallons (US Gal)

Mass (weight)

  • Ounces (oz) x 28.35 = Grams (g) x 0.035 = Ounces (oz)
  • Pounds (lb) x 0.454 = Kilograms (kg) x 2.205 = Pounds (lb)

Force

  • Ounces-force (off; oz) x 0.278 = Newtons (N) x 3.6 = Ounces-force (off; oz)
  • Pounds-force (lbs; lb) x 4.448 = Newtons (N) x 0.225 =0.225 = Pounds-force (lbs; lb)
  • Newtons (N) x 0.1 = Kilograms-force (kgs; kg) x 9.81 = Newtons (N)

Pressure

  • Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in:; Ib/in*) x 0.070 = Kilograms-force per square centimetre (kgf/cm'; kg/cm:) x 14.223 = Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in:; Ib/in*)
  • Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in'; Ib/in*) x 0.068 = Atmospheres (atm) x 14.696 = Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in'; Ib/in*)
  • Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in*; Ib/in*) x 0.069 = Bars x 14.5 = Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in*; Ib/in*)
  • Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in*; Ib/in2) x 6.895 = Kilopascals (kPa) x 0.145 = Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in*; Ib/in*)
  • Kilopascals (kPa) x 0.01 = Kilograms-force per square centimetre (kgf/cm2; kg/cm2) x98.1 = Kilopascals (kPa)
  • Millibar (mbar) x 100 = Pascals (Pa) × 0.01 =0.01 = Millibar (mbar)
  • Millibar (mbar) x 0.0145 = Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in2; Ib/in2) x 68.947 = Millibar (mbar)
  • Millibar (mbar) x 0.75 = Millimetres of mercury (mmHg) x 1.333 = Millibar (mbar)
  • Millibar (mbar) x 0.401 = Inches of water (inH20) x2.491 = Millibar (mbar)
  • Millimetres of mercury (mmHg) x 0.535 = Inches of water (inH20) x 1.868 = Millimetres of mercury (mmHg)
  • Inches of water (inH2O) x 0.036 = Pounds-force per square inch (psi; Ibf/in*; Ib/in2) x27.68 = Inches of water (inH2O)

Torque (Moment of force)

  • Pounds-force inches (Ibf in; Ib in) x 1.152 = Kilograms-force centimetre (kgf cm; kg cm) x 0.868 = Pounds-force inches (Ibf in; Ib in)
  • Pounds-force inches (Ibf in; Ib in) x 0.113 = Newton metres (Nm) x 8.85 = Pounds-force inches (Ibf in; Ib in)
  • Pounds-force inches (Ibf in; Ib in) x 0.083 = Pounds-force feet (Ibf ft; Ib ft) x 7.233 = Pounds-force inches (Ibf in; Ib in)
  • Pounds-force feet (Ibf ft; Ib ft) x 1.356 = Newton metres (Nm) x 0.738 = Pounds-force feet (Ibf ft; Ib ft)
  • Newton metres (Nm) x 0.102 = Kilograms-force metres (kgf m; kg m) x 9.804 = Newton metres (Nm)

Power

  • Horsepower (hp) x 745.7 = Watts (W) x 0.0013 = 0.0013 = Horsepower (hp)

Velocity (Speed)

  • Miles per hour (miles/hr; mph) x 1.609 = Kilometres per hour (km/hr; kph) x 0.621 = Miles per hour (miles/hr; mph)

Fuel Consumption

  • Miles per gallon, Imperial (mpg) × 0.354 = Kilometres per litre (km/l) x 2.825 = Miles per gallon, Imperial (mpg)
  • Miles per gallon, US (mpg) × 0.425 = Kilometres per litre (km/l) x 2.352 = Miles per gallon, US (mpg)

It is common practice to convert from miles per gallon (mpg) to litres/100 kilometres (l/100km), where mpg x 1/100 km = 282

Temperature

  • Degrees Fahrenheit = (°C × 1.8) + 32 Degrees Celsius (Degrees Centigrade; °C) = (°F - 32) × 0.56

Bolt sizes and Threads

BA Screws and Threads

BA Thread pitch Outside diameter Threads density Outside diameter Spanner Tapping Drill Size
(mm) (mm) threads per inch(tpi) (in) (mm) (in) (mm)
0 1.00 6.00 25.40 0.2362 10.5000 0.4134 5.1
1 0.90 5.30 28.22 0.2087 9.2750 0.3652 4.5
2 0.81 4.70 31.36 0.1850 8.2250 0.3238 4
3 0.73 4.10 34.79 0.1614 7.1750 0.2825 3.4
4 0.66 3.60 38.48 0.1417 6.3000 0.2480 3
5 0.59 3.20 43.05 0.1260 5.6000 0.2205 2.65
6 0.53 2.80 47.92 0.1102 4.9000 0.1929 2.3
7 0.48 2.50 52.92 0.0984 4.3750 0.1722 2.05
8 0.43 2.20 59.07 0.0866 3.8500 0.1516 1.8
9 0.39 1.90 65.13 0.0748 3.3250 0.1309 1.55
10 0.35 1.70 72.57 0.0669 2.9750 0.1171 1.4
⋮
25 0.072 0.25 352.78 0.0098 0.4375 0.0172 .

Common Screw Sizes and Standards

Designation Nominal Dia (mm) Nominal Dia (inch) Pitch (mm) Pitch (per inch) Angle
10 BA 1.7000 0.0669 0.3500 72.5700 47.50
9 BA 1.9000 0.0748 0.3900 65.1300 47.50
M2 x 0.4 2.0000 0.0787 0.4000 63.5000 60.00
8 BA 2.2000 0.0866 0.4300 59.0700 47.50
7 BA 2.5000 0.0984 0.4800 52.9200 47.50
M2.5 x 0.45 2.5000 0.0984 0.4500 56.4444 60.00
6 BA 2.8000 0.1102 0.5301 47.9200 47.50
M3 x 0.5 3.0000 0.1181 0.5000 50.8000 60.00
1/8 x 40 BSW 3.1750 0.1250 0.6350 40.0000 55.00
5 BA 3.2000 0.1260 0.5900 43.0500 47.50
4 BA 3.6000 0.1417 0.6601 38.4800 47.50
M4 x 0.7 4.0000 0.1575 0.7000 36.2857 60.00
3 BA 4.1000 0.1614 0.7301 34.7900 47.50
2 BA 4.7000 0.1850 0.8099 31.3600 47.50
3/16 x 32 BSF 4.7625 0.1875 0.7938 32.0000 55.00
3/16 x 24 BSW 4.7625 0.1875 1.0583 24.0000 55.00
M5 x 0.8 5.0000 0.1969 0.8000 31.7500 60.00
1 BA 5.3000 0.2087 0.9001 28.2200 47.50
7/32 x 28 BSF 5.5563 0.2188 0.9071 28.0000 55.00
M6 x 1 6.0000 0.2362 1.0000 25.4000 60.00
0 BA 6.0000 0.2362 1.0000 25.4000 47.50
1/4 x 28 UNF 6.3500 0.2500 0.9071 28.0000 60.00
1/4 x 26 BSF 6.3500 0.2500 0.9769 26.0000 55.00
1/4 x 20 UNC 6.3500 0.2500 1.2700 20.0000 60.00
1/4 x 20 BSW 6.3500 0.2500 1.2700 20.0000 55.00
M7 x 1 7.0000 0.2756 1.0000 25.4000 60.00
9/32 x 26 BSF 7.1438 0.2813 0.9769 26.0000 55.00
5/16 x 24 UNF 7.9375 0.3125 1.0583 24.0000 60.00
5/16 x 22 BSF 7.9375 0.3125 1.1545 22.0000 55.00
5/16 x 18 UNC 7.9375 0.3125 1.4111 18.0000 60.00
5/16 x 18 BSW 7.9375 0.3125 1.4111 18.0000 55.00
M8 x 1 (Fine) 8.0000 0.3150 1.0000 25.4000 60.00
M8 x 1.25 8.0000 0.3150 1.2500 20.3200 60.00
3/8 x 24 UNF 9.5250 0.3750 1.0583 24.0000 60.00
3/8 x 20 BSF 9.5250 0.3750 1.2700 20.0000 55.00
3/8 x 16 UNC 9.5250 0.3750 1.5875 16.0000 60.00
3/8 x 16 BSW 9.5250 0.3750 1.5875 16.0000 55.00
M10 x 1 (Super Fine) 10.0000 0.3937 1.0000 25.4000 60.00
M10 x 1.25 (Fine) 10.0000 0.3937 1.2500 20.3200 60.00
M10 x 1.5 10.0000 0.3937 1.5000 16.9333 60.00
7/16 x 20 UNF 11.1125 0.4375 1.2700 20.0000 60.00
7/16 x 18 BSF 11.1125 0.4375 1.4111 18.0000 55.00
7/16 x 14 UNC 11.1125 0.4375 1.8143 14.0000 60.00
7/16 x 14 BSW 11.1125 0.4375 1.8143 14.0000 55.00
M12 x 1.25 (Super Fine) 12.0000 0.4724 1.2500 20.3200 60.00
M12 x 1.5 (Fine) 12.0000 0.4724 1.5000 16.9333 60.00
M12 x 1.75 12.0000 0.4724 1.7500 14.5143 60.00
1/2 x 20 UNF 12.7000 0.5000 1.2700 20.0000 60.00
1/2 x 16 BSF 12.7000 0.5000 1.5875 16.0000 55.00
1/2 x 13 UNC 12.7000 0.5000 1.9538 13.0000 60.00
1/2 x 12 BSW 12.7000 0.5000 2.1167 12.0000 55.00
M14 x 1.5 (Fine) 14.0000 0.5512 1.5000 16.9333 60.00
M14 x 2 14.0000 0.5512 2.0000 12.7000 60.00
9/16 x 18 UNF 14.2875 0.5625 1.4111 18.0000 60.00
9/16 x 16 BSF 14.2875 0.5625 1.5875 16.0000 55.00
9/16 x 12 UNC 14.3002 0.5630 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
9/16 x 12 BSW 14.2875 0.5625 2.1167 12.0000 55.00
5/8 x 18 UNF 15.8750 0.6250 1.4111 18.0000 60.00
5/8 x 14 BSF 15.8750 0.6250 1.8143 14.0000 60.00
5/8 x 11 UNC 15.8750 0.6250 2.3091 11.0000 55.00
5/8 x 11 BSW 15.8750 0.6250 2.3091 11.0000 55.00
M16 x 1.5 (JIS) 16.0000 0.6299 1.5000 16.9333 60.00
M16 x 2 16.0000 0.6299 2.0000 12.7000 60.00
11/16 x 14 BSF 17.4625 0.6875 1.8143 14.0000 55.00
11/16 x 11 BSW 17.4625 0.6875 2.3091 11.0000 55.00
M18 x 1.5 (JIS) 18.0000 0.7087 1.5000 16.9333 60.00
M18 x 2.5 18.0000 0.7087 2.5000 10.1600 60.00
3/4 x 16 UNF 19.0500 0.7500 1.5875 16.0000 60.00
3/4 x 12 BSF 19.0500 0.7500 2.1167 12.0000 55.00
3/4 x 10 UNC 19.0500 0.7500 2.5400 10.0000 60.00
3/4 x 10 BSW 19.0500 0.7500 2.5400 10.0000 55.00
M20 x 1.5 (JIS) 20.0000 0.7874 1.5000 16.9333 60.00
M20 x 2.5 20.0000 0.7874 2.5000 10.1600 60.00
13/16 x 12 BSF 20.6375 0.8125 2.1167 12.0000 55.00
7/8 x 14 UNF 22.2250 0.8750 1.8143 14.0000 60.00
7/8 x 11 BSF 22.2250 0.8750 2.3091 11.0000 55.00
7/8 x 9 BSW 22.2250 0.8750 2.8222 9.0000 55.00
1 x 12 UNF 25.4000 1.0000 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
1 x 10 BSF 25.4000 1.0000 2.5400 10.0000 55.00
1 x 8 UNC 25.4000 1.0000 3.1750 8.0000 60.00
1 x 8 BSW 25.4000 1.0000 3.1750 8.0000 55.00
1 1/8 x 12 UNF 28.5750 1.1250 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
1 1/8 x 9 BSF 28.5750 1.1250 2.8222 9.0000 55.00
1 1/8 x 7 UNC 28.5750 1.1250 3.6286 7.0000 60.00
1 1/8 x 7 BSW 28.5750 1.1250 3.6286 7.0000 55.00
1 1/4 x 12 UNF 31.7500 1.2500 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
1 1/4 x 9 BSF 31.7500 1.2500 2.8222 9.0000 55.00
1 1/4 x 7 UNC 31.7500 1.2500 3.6286 7.0000 60.00
1 1/4 x 7 BSW 31.7500 1.2500 3.6286 7.0000 55.00
1 3/8 x 12 UNF 34.9250 1.3750 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
1 3/8 x 8 BSF 34.9250 1.3750 3.1750 8.0000 55.00
1 1/2 x 12 UNF 38.1000 1.5000 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
1 1/2 x 8 BSF 38.1000 1.5000 3.1750 8.0000 55.00
1 1/2 x 6 UNC 38.1000 1.5000 4.2333 6.0000 60.00
1 1/2 x 6 BSW 38.1000 1.5000 4.2333 6.0000 55.00
1 5/8 x 8 BSF 41.2750 1.6250 3.1750 8.0000 55.00
1 3/4 x 12 UNF 44.4500 1.7500 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
1 3/4 x 7 BSF 44.4500 1.7500 3.6286 7.0000 55.00
1 3/4 x 5 UNC 44.4500 1.7500 5.0800 5.0000 60.00
1 3/4 x 5 BSW 44.4500 1.7500 5.0800 5.0000 55.00
2 x 12 UNF 50.8000 2.0000 2.1167 12.0000 60.00
2 x 7 BSF 50.8000 2.0000 3.6286 7.0000 55.00
2 x 4 UNC 50.8000 2.0000 6.3500 4.0000 60.00
2 x 4.5 BSW 50.8000 2.0000 5.6444 4.5000 55.00
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